## Results
## Diagnostic or Screening Test Evaluation

Single Table Analysis
|  | Positive | Negative | Total
| Level 1 | 3 | 33 | 36
|  | 8.3% | 91.7% | 100%
|  | 5.9% | 56.9% |
| Level 2 | 2 | 6 | 8
|  | 25% | 75% | 100%
|  | 3.9% | 10.3% |
| Level 3 | 2 | 6 | 8
|  | 25% | 75% | 100%
|  | 3.9% | 10.3% |
| Level 4 | 11 | 11 | 22
|  | 50% | 50% | 100%
|  | 21.6% | 19% |
| Level 5 | 33 | 2 | 35
|  | 94.3% | 5.7% | 100%
|  | 64.7% | 3.4% |
|  | 51 | 58 | 109
|  | 46.8% | 53.2% | 100%
|  | 100% | 100%

### Cut-off point between level 1 and 2
Parameter |  | Estimate | 95% CI
Sensitivity | 0.9411 | (0.8766 - 1.0057)
Specificity | 0.5689 | (0.4415 - 0.6964)
Positive Predictive Value | 0.6575 | (0.5486 - 0.7664)
Negative Predictive Value | 0.9166 | (0.8263 - 1.0069)
Diagnostic Accuracy | 0.7431 | (0.6611 - 0.8251)
Likelihood ratio of a Positive Test | 2.1835 | (2.0137 - 2.3676)
Likelihood ratio of a Negative Test | 0.1033 | (0.0514 - 0.2078)
Diagnostic Odds | 21.1200 | (5.8899 - 75.7309)
Cohen's kappa (Unweighted) | 0.4972 | (0.3247 - 0.6696)
Entropy reduction after a Positive Test | 0.0484
Entropy reduction after a Negative Test | 0.4042
Bias Index | 0.2018
### Cut-off point between level 2 and 3
Parameter |  | Estimate | 95% CI
Sensitivity | 0.9019 | (0.8203 - 0.9835)
Specificity | 0.6724 | (0.5516 - 0.7932)
Positive Predictive Value | 0.7077 | (0.5971 - 0.8182)
Negative Predictive Value | 0.8863 | (0.7925 - 0.9801)
Diagnostic Accuracy | 0.7798 | (0.7020 - 0.8576)
Likelihood ratio of a Positive Test | 2.7533 | (2.4720 - 3.0667)
Likelihood ratio of a Negative Test | 0.1458 | (0.0961 - 0.2211)
Diagnostic Odds | 18.8842 | (6.4544 - 55.2508)
Cohen's kappa (Unweighted) | 0.5650 | (0.3834 - 0.7466)
Entropy reduction after a Positive Test | 0.0868
Entropy reduction after a Negative Test | 0.3370
Bias Index | 0.1284
### Cut-off point between level 3 and 4
Parameter |  | Estimate | 95% CI
Sensitivity | 0.8627 | (0.7683 - 0.9571)
Specificity | 0.7758 | (0.6685 - 0.8831)
Positive Predictive Value | 0.7719 | (0.6630 - 0.8808)
Negative Predictive Value | 0.8653 | (0.7726 - 0.9581)
Diagnostic Accuracy | 0.8165 | (0.7438 - 0.8891)
Likelihood ratio of a Positive Test | 3.8491 | (3.2870 - 4.5073)
Likelihood ratio of a Negative Test | 0.1769 | (0.1320 - 0.2370)
Diagnostic Odds | 21.7582 | (7.9370 - 59.6473)
Cohen's kappa (Unweighted) | 0.6341 | (0.4475 - 0.8207)
Entropy reduction after a Positive Test | 0.1541
Entropy reduction after a Negative Test | 0.2960
Bias Index | 0.0550
### Cut-off point between level 4 and 5
Parameter |  | Estimate | 95% CI
Sensitivity | 0.6470 | (0.5159 - 0.7782)
Specificity | 0.9655 | (0.9185 - 1.0124)
Positive Predictive Value | 0.9428 | (0.8659 - 1.0197)
Negative Predictive Value | 0.7567 | (0.6590 - 0.8545)
Diagnostic Accuracy | 0.8165 | (0.7438 - 0.8891)
Likelihood ratio of a Positive Test | 18.7647 | (6.8181 - 51.6440)
Likelihood ratio of a Negative Test | 0.3655 | (0.3274 - 0.4081)
Diagnostic Odds | 51.3333 | (11.1946 - 235.3899)
Cohen's kappa (Unweighted) | 0.6244 | (0.4453 - 0.8034)
Entropy reduction after a Positive Test | 0.4720
Entropy reduction after a Negative Test | 0.1363
Bias Index | -0.1467
### Level-specific Likelihood Ratios
Level 1 | 0.1033 | 0.0389 - 0.2746
Level 2 | 0.3790 | 0.0653 - 2.2000
Level 3 | 0.3790 | 0.0653 - 2.2000
Level 4 | 1.1372 | 0.7890 - 1.6390
Level 5 | 18.7647 | 6.8181 - 51.6440

Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curve
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TP
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FP
TP - True positive rate, FP - False positive rate
Area under the ROC curve = 0.8931 (0.8304 - 0.9558)

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